Shingle



Dec. 21, 1937. N. RHARSHBERGER ET A1. 1 2,103,076

SHINGLE Filed May l, 1931 24 3 I 3mm/tow Patented Dec. Z1, 1937 UNITEDSTATES PATENT o-FFICE smNGLE ration of Delaware Application May 1, 1931,serial No. 534,324

12 claims.

This invention, relating, as indicated, to a shingle, is moreparticularly directed to a composition shingle composed of the ordinarytypes of materials such as generally employed in the prepared roofingindustry, such as felt saturated with asphalt or tar, coated withasphalt,'and surfaced with mineral granules or mineral fibers. It is, ofcourse, to be understood that the shingle may be built up in laminationsof various materials, and we do not intend to be limited to thosespecically described.

n In the prior -art there are many disclosures of wide spaced shingles,but in every instance they are composed of materials that when laid inthis manner tend to permit openings adjacent to the lapped edges thatpermit the driving rain to drive up onto the roof boards, causing leaks.Further, in the prior art there is no means for making a dam to providea weather-tight joint between the wide spacing relation of the shingles.In every instance of the prior art Where shingles are laid in Widespaced relation, they are generally supported along their longitudinaledges, which leaves the central portion of the shingle out of contactwith its immediately subjacent shingle. In the course of time theshingle sags at the center, which not only presents an ugly appearancebut also results in warping the longitudinal edges upwardly, thuspermitting the easy entrance of rain and moisture. A furtherdisadvantage of wide spaced shingles as previously constructed is thatwhen they are initially laid, the central unsupported lower edgeprovides 'a vent for the roof so that it is easily possible for moistureto enter and eventually rot the roof sheathing.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent from a consideration ofthe accompanying drawing and the following description'thereof.

Of thel drawing, Fig. 1 is a plan View of an assembly of our improvedshingles; Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along lines 2--2 of Fig. 1;Fig. 3 is a perspective view of an individual shingle; Fig. 4 is atransverse section of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a transverse section of amodification of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a transverse section of anothermodication of the shingle shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 'l is a plan view takenfrom above, of a still further modification; Fig. 8 is a perspectiveview of the shingle shown in Fig. 7 when folded; and Figs.

9 and 10 are perspective views of further modition, having transverseedges 2 and 3 and longitudinal edges l and 5. It will be noted that thelongitudinal edges extend in a plane slightly elevated from that of thebody portion l, and this is brought about by depressing the shinglecentrally thereof to produce flanges 6 and l out of the plane of thebody portion l. 'I'he anges extend inwardly a distance which can bevaried at will, depending upon the amount of overlap desired, and, inthis instance, is shown as being equal to the headlap.

In the embodiment shown in ,section in Fig. 4, the shingle comprises asaturated felt base il having a coating 9 thereon upon which granularmineral matter lll is placed to impart a pleasing appearance as well asto render the shingle weatherproof.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the felt base ll which is saturatedhas a coating l2 thereon, this coating being materially thicker over thecentral portion than along the flanges, and the shingle in this instanceis surfaced just as before with granular mineral matter it. In thisinstance the shingle is formed with a central depression, that is,subsequently lled with the coating l2 to provide a smooth upper surfaceextending in one plane. As a result of such construction a very durableshingle is obtained at a cost below that of a shingle using two separatelayers, as the coating is the cheapest lamination in the entire shingle.The vdouble thickness shingle does have certain desirablecharacteristics however, and these will be described more in detail inconnection with the description of Fig. 7.

A further embodiment is shown in Fig. 6, which may be slightly moreexpensive to manufacture, but provides a shingle having the two mostdesired characteristics, namely, reverslbllity and long life. Thisshingle has a saturated felt base 20 and is coated on its upper sidewith a ller 2l which .in turn is surfaced with mineral matter 22. Thelower surface of the saturated felt ls also coated with a suitablesubstance such as asphalt 23, and is in turn surfaced with mineralmatter 24. This coating on the reverse, or under side of the shingle mayat rst glance seem unnecessary, however, in installations where longservice is desired it will be found that such reverse coating, ls a verymaterial aid in the preservation of the saturated felt base, upon whichthe life of the shingle depends.

In each of the previously described embodiments, the thickened centralportion has been obtained by either depressing the central portion orelevating the ange portions. but it is also possi.-

ble to produce a shingle having the desired characteristics without thedepressing or elevating operations. This may be accomplished byproviding a blank 30 as shown in Fig. 7, which has parallel transverseedges 3| and 32, the edge 32 being shorter than the edge 3|. bent alonga line 33 and the edge 32 is folded around until it is aligned with theedge 3|, as shown in Fig. 8. In some instances the same result can beobtained by placing a separate central member on the main body memberinstead of folding, and if this is desired, all that is necessary is thecutting operation involving cutting two shingles of different sizes. Inthe event that it is desired to produce the shingle of Fig. 8 at lesscost, it is possible to merely apply a coating to the back of theshingle and then surface this coating with granules of mineral matter.This last application of coating and mineral matter will, of course,have the dimensions of the smaller half of the blank 30 resulting in a'pair of flanges on the finished shingles, which extend the full lengthof the shingle.

In Fig. 9 a further embodiment of our invention is shown, this shinglediffering from that shown in Fig. 8 in that the fold is made at one edgeof the shingle and the folded under-portion does not extend to the top.Stated another way the shingle disclosed in this figure has the foldreversed and allowance is made for the head lap,

thus producing a smoother and more even roof. In Fig. 10 theconstruction illustrated in Fig. 9 is slightly modied and here theunder-portion extends upwardly to a position coincident with the upperedge. In addition the upper portion 26 of the folded back may beenlarged from approximately the mid-point of the shingle. Theenlargement may be an integral part of the back or may take the form ofa separate ller strip as shown in Fig. 10. 'I'he position of the nail isindicated at 25, this being the most desirable location as it is underthe over-lapping shingle and also because it engages the thickenedportion when applied as shown in Fig. l.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that we have provideda shingle free from all of the objections against similar shingles ofthe prior art. This will be seen to be true when it is noted that ourshingles may be laid in wide spaced relation and that not only is therea great saving in material from such spacing, but the form of theshingle enables the roofer to lay them most expeditiously.

An inherent characteristic of the thick central portion is that nosagging will ever occur, regardless of the length of service to whichthe shingle is put, and in turn this results in maintaining thelongitudinal edges fiat against the roof.

Further and more important results are that there are no vents throughthe roof, which prevents the entrance of moisture and consequent rottingof the sheathing. Additionally, the shingle itself will last longerbecause that part of the shingle most susceptible to the elements isperfectly guarded.

As a further saving in the cost of manufacturing the shingle, separatedevices for maintaining the central portion in raised position aredispensed with, so that where two operations were necessary tomanufacture the' prior shingles, a single operation now suffices. v v

Another important factor in connection with shingles manufacturedaccording to my invention is that a most pleasing design is producedThis shingle is because of the thick butt which lends massiveness to theassembled roof.

Other modes of applying the principle of our invention may be employedinstead of the one explained, change being made as regards the mechanismherein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of the followingclaims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

We therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as ourinvention:-

1. A shingle of general rectangular formation having a centralsupporting layer, a coating upon both sides of said layer and surfacingmaterial upon said coating, the thickness of the coating upon one `sideof said layer being greater than that of the other side throughout acentral longitudinal portion of said shingle, and said coatings beingequal in thickness adjacent the longitudinal edges of said shingle.

2. A shingle comprising a supporting layer, a coating layer and asurfacing layer, said supporting layer having a preformed depressedcentral portion whereby longitudinal flanges are produced, saiddepressed portion acting to prevent bowing of the longitudinal edges.

3. A shingle comprising a Supporting layer, a coating layer and asurfacing layer, said supporting layer having a preformed depressedcentral portion whereby longitudinal flanges are produced, said coatinglayer extending over said supporting layer and having its upper face inone plane, said depressed portion acting as a spacing means.

4. A shingle comprising a supporting layer, a coating. layer and asurfacing layer, said supporting layer having a preformed depressed cenvtral portion whereby longitudinal flanges are produced, having a lesserthickness than the over-all thickness of the shingle, said depressedportion rigidifying the transverse section of the shingle to preventcurling of the exposed edges in assembly.

5. A shingleV element adapted for wide spaced assembly, comprising apreformed flexible fibrous base having integral portions thereof indifferent planes, certain of said portions creating opposite flanges ofthe shingle for side lapping with adjacent shingles in assembly, andanother of said portions of the base between said flanges extending in aplane adjacent to that of the flanges and creating a projectionextending along the central part of the shingle between the flanges andadapted to substantially prevent Saggingin assembly, said base having awear resistant surfacing upon its weather side and the shingle inwardlyof the flange portions having a thickness greater than the anges andsaid base and integral portions consisting of a sheet of substantiallyuniform thickness prior to forming.

6. A composition shingle element adapted for widev spacing in assembly,said shingle comprising a preformed iiexible brous base having integralportions thereof in different planes, certain of said portions creatingopposite side anges of the shingle and another of said portions betweenthe side flanges projecting beyondl the plane of the flanges at leastsubstantially the thickness of said base flange portions tosubstantially prevent sagging of the shingle when said other baseportion is positioned in the space between shingles of an adjacentcourse in assembly, said base flange portions and base projectingportion comprising prior to forming an integral sheet of material ofsubstantially uniform thickness and said base having a wear resistantsurfacing upon its weather side.

v. .A shingle element adapted to be laid wide spaced and in overlappingcourses with other similar shingles, said shingle` comprising a brousbase having a folded portion in a plane adjacent thereto, certainportions of the base creatingope posite flanges of the shingle forlapping with other shingles in an adjacent course and said foldedportion creating a long projection along the central part of the shinglebetween the flanges and adapted'to substantially prevent sagging of theshingle in assembly.

8. A surface covering'composed of shingles laid in wide spaced relationin. overlapping courses, each shingle comprising a preformed fibrousbase having integral portions thereof in different planes with certainof said portions creating opposite flanges of the shingle and withanother-'of said portions of the base between said iianges eg:- tendingin a plane adjacent to that of the anges and creating al projectionextending along the 'central part .of the shingle between the flanges,said base also having a wear resistant surface upon its weather side andsaid base and integral portions consisting cfa sheet of substantiallyuniform thickness prior to forming and the shingles of each course beinglaid in wide spaced relation with their surfaced sides to the weatherand such` that the ange portions of each shingle are yin lappingrelation with the flanges oi'V a pair of shingles in an adjacent course,and said projecting portion yof the base providing a central reinforcingportion to substantially prevent sagging of the shingle, and having awidth substantially equal to the spacing betweensaid pair of shingles inthe adjacent course. i

9. A shingle of general rectangular formation v comprising a body offlexible shingle material providing' a. central supporting portion andopposite side flanges of the shingle, said body having coating materialupon its weather side and the thickness of the coating along thecentral` supporting portionof the bodybeing greater than at the angeproviding portions of the body, where- V by a shingle is provided havingflange portions and a central projecting portion to substantiallyvpreventing sagging in assembly.

10. A shingle of general rectangular formation comprising a body offlexible shingle material providing a central supporting portion andopposite side flanges of the shingle, said body having coating materialon both its sides and the thickness of the coating material upon theweather side along said central supporting portion provided by thebodybeing greater'thanat theflange providingportions of the body andgreater than that upon the Y. other side of the body, whereby a shingleis provided having flange portions and a central projecting portion tosubstantially preventing sag*- ging of the shingle in assembly. i

11. A shingle of general rectangular formation adapted for wide spacing'in assembly, said shingle comprising a preformed exible base havingporvtions in different planes, certain portions creating a thickeninglayer on its rear side having substantially a T shape and positioned toleave uncovered marginal portions of the body for lapping with adjacentshingles, the stem of said T-shaped layer providing a central projectingportion for spacing other shingles and to prevent sagging of the shinglein assembly, and the side portions oi' the T adapted to provide nailingfillers in assembly.

NORMAN P. HARSHIBERGER. KATI- ILEEN M. HARSHBERGER.

